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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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A Unique Presentation of Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Mary Awad1, Erik Holzwanger1, Sandeep Jubbal1

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

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Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) are rare skin cancers. A case report highlights how secondary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (CDLBCL) can mimic infections, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) represent approximately 22.5% of all cutaneous lymphomas.
  • CBCLs are categorized into primary and secondary cutaneous types.
  • Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) include marginal zone lymphoma, follicle center lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT).

Observation:

  • Secondary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (CDLBCL) and PCDLBCL, LT are aggressive neoplasms with 5-year survival rates of 37% and 50%, respectively.
  • CDLBCL manifestations include cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules, papular lesions, or indurated plaques.
  • An 88-year-old female presented with symptoms mimicking lower extremity cellulitis and phlegmon.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was initially misdiagnosed and treated unsuccessfully with multiple courses of antibiotic therapy.
  • A definitive diagnosis of CDLBCL was established only after a cutaneous biopsy.
  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by CDLBCL, particularly when presenting atypically.

Implications:

  • Delayed diagnosis of CDLBCL can significantly impact patient outcomes due to its aggressive nature.
  • Increased clinical awareness and prompt biopsy are crucial for accurate and timely diagnosis of CDLBCL.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare neoplastic diseases in the differential diagnosis of persistent skin lesions unresponsive to standard treatments.