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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

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All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
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Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
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A proposed classification for orthodontic practice in India.

Azhar Mohammed1, Yatishkumar Joshi2, Crystal Runa Soans1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3-stage classification system for orthodontic practices in India is proposed. This framework categorizes practices by group, type, and subtype to enhance communication and research in the growing field of orthodontics.

Keywords:
Indian orthodonticsorthodontic practiceorthodontics

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Practice Management
  • Orthodontic Care Delivery
  • Healthcare System Classification

Background:

  • The Indian dental sector is expanding, with increasing demand for orthodontic services.
  • A lack of standardized classification for orthodontic practices hinders research, comparison, and patient awareness.
  • Existing organizational setups vary significantly in services and facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, simple 3-stage classification system for orthodontic practices in India.
  • To establish a standardized method for categorizing diverse orthodontic practice setups.
  • To facilitate better communication, research, and patient understanding of orthodontic care levels.

Main Methods:

  • A three-stage classification framework was developed, encompassing group, type, and subtype.
  • Group classification considers armamentarium and services offered.
  • Type classification addresses ownership and scope of care, while subtype details personnel qualifications and availability.

Main Results:

  • The proposed classification system provides comprehensive coverage for all Indian orthodontic practice setups.
  • It allows for detailed categorization based on resources, operational structure, and staffing.
  • The system offers a structured approach to understanding practice variations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed classification serves as a valuable tool for communication and recording orthodontic care levels.
  • It enables consistent comparison and analysis of different practice settings.
  • This system can support future research on practice efficacy and improve patient information.