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Infective endocarditis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva presenting as anterior mitral leaflet perforation mimicking

Parakriti Gupta1, Sourabh Agstam2, Archana Angrup1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|April 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This case report details infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Abiotrophia defectiva, a rare bacterial heart valve infection. Accurate identification of nutritionally variant Streptococcus species is crucial for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) typically involves Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.
  • Advancements in diagnostic techniques like MALDI-TOF have increased the identification of rare causative agents for IE.
  • Nutritionally variant Streptococcus (NVS) are a group of bacteria that require specific growth media.

Observation:

  • This report describes a rare case of IE caused by Abiotrophia defectiva.
  • This is the first documented instance of simultaneous mitral and aortic valve infection by Abiotrophia defectiva in India.
  • Abiotrophia defectiva is a species within the nutritionally variant Streptococcus group.

Findings:

  • IE caused by Abiotrophia defectiva appears to be more severe.
  • Cases involving Abiotrophia defectiva are associated with higher rates of treatment failure and relapse.
  • Accurate differentiation between Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species is essential.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the need for precise identification of NVS species in IE cases.
  • Highlights that treatment strategies may differ significantly between Abiotrophia and Granulicatella infections.
  • Underscores the clinical significance of recognizing rare bacterial causes of infective endocarditis for improved patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Abiotrophia defectiveMALDI-TOFcase reportinfective endocarditisresistance

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