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Acanthamoeba encephalitis in immunocompetent hosts: A report of two cases
Sohini Das1, Karthik Gunasekaran1, Sitara S R Ajjampur2
1Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous free-living amoeba. Acanthamoeba infections cause necrotizing vasculitis, resulting in vessel thrombosis and cerebral infarction. Acanthamoeba CNS infections, though uncommon, are associated with high mortality. Diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. Here, we present two immunocompetent hosts with Acanthamoeba encephalitis with good outcomes.
Insights
Acanthamoeba encephalitis, a rare and dangerous infection, can be successfully treated in immunocompetent individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for good outcomes in these Acanthamoeba infections.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous free-living amoebas.
- Acanthamoeba infections can lead to severe neurological complications like cerebral infarction.
- Central nervous system (CNS) infections by Acanthamoeba are rare but have a high mortality rate.
Observation:
- Two cases of Acanthamoeba encephalitis in immunocompetent hosts were identified.
- Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba CNS infections is often challenging and delayed.
- Both patients presented with Acanthamoeba encephalitis.
Findings:
- Despite the typical high mortality, both patients experienced good outcomes.
- The study highlights the possibility of favorable prognoses even in severe Acanthamoeba infections.
- Successful management strategies for Acanthamoeba encephalitis were employed.
Implications:
- These cases suggest that immunocompetent individuals may have better outcomes with Acanthamoeba encephalitis.
- Improved diagnostic approaches may be needed to reduce delays in Acanthamoeba infection diagnosis.
- Further research into treatment protocols for Acanthamoeba CNS infections is warranted.
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