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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
Published on: January 9, 2019
Gastrointestinal tissue-based molecular biomarkers: a practical categorisation based on the 2019 World Health
Javier I Quezada-Marín1,2, Alfred K Lam3, Atsushi Ochiai4
1Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Abstract:
Molecular biomarkers have come to constitute one of the cornerstones of oncological pathology. The method of classification not only directly affects the manner in which patients are diagnosed and treated, but also guides the development of drugs and of artificial intelligence tools. The aim of this article is to organise and update gastrointestinal molecular biomarkers in order to produce an easy-to-use guide for routine diagnostics. For this purpose, we have extracted and reorganised the molecular information on epithelial neoplasms included in the 2019 World Health Organization classification of tumours. Digestive system tumours, 5th edn.
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