Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

466
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
466
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

359
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
359
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

673
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
673
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

698
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
698
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

332
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
332
Antidepressant Drugs: Overview01:25

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

1.2K
Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effectiveness and safety of repeat dose subcutaneous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression, and the impact of prior ketamine treatment: open label extension of the KADS study.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2026
Same author

Improving access to novel treatments for treatment-resistant depression: The potential role of specialist clinics in Australia.

The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Clinical and Cognitive Outcomes Comparing Right Unilateral Ultrabrief Electroconvulsive Therapy Versus Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Bipolar Depression: The CORRECT-BD Trial.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Confirmatory efficacy and safety trial of magnetic seizure therapy versus right unilateral ultra-brief electroconvulsive therapy in depression (CREST-MST): a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial in Canada and the USA.

The lancet. Psychiatry·2026
Same author

A scoping review of frontal cortex tDCS on neuropsychological functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome.

International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)·2026
Same author

Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study - RETRACTION.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.1K

Neurocognitive subgroups in major depressive disorder.

Donel M Martin1, David Wollny-Huttarsch1, Stevan Nikolin1

  • 1School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.

Neuropsychology
|April 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients show varied cognitive profiles. About half have preserved cognition, while others experience deficits, unrelated to illness severity.

More Related Videos

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.1K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

794

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.1K
Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.1K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

794

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently linked to neurocognitive dysfunction.
  • Significant patient heterogeneity and inconsistent findings characterize neurocognitive deficits in MDD.
  • This study explored distinct neurocognitive subgroups within the MDD population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize neurocognitive subgroups in adults with MDD.
  • To compare the neurocognitive profiles of these subgroups with healthy controls.
  • To examine the relationship between neurocognitive subgroups and illness factors.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled data from four clinical trials involving adults with MDD (N=149).
  • Assessed neurocognitive outcomes including verbal learning/memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed.
  • Utilized latent class analysis to identify subgroups and compared them to healthy controls and illness factors (MADRS).

Main Results:

  • Identified three neurocognitive subgroups: "cognitively preserved" (45%), "cognitively reduced" (39%), and "cognitively impaired" (16%).
  • The "cognitively impaired" subgroup showed significantly poorer verbal memory compared to attention and processing speed.
  • No association was found between subgroup membership and illness factors or individual mood items on the MADRS.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately half of MDD participants exhibited no or minimal objective cognitive difficulties.
  • Neurocognitive functioning in MDD appears generally unrelated to illness factors.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to assess the risk of cognitive decline in impaired subgroups.