Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 23, 2025

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
Published on: May 12, 2023
May the FORS be with you: a system sequel
Annika K Hult1, Martin L Olsson2
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, and Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University.
Conclusions:
This article is an update of the review of the FORS system published in Immunohematology in 2017 (Hult AK, Olsson ML. The FORS awakens: review of a blood group system reborn. Immunohematology 2017;33:64-72). This update incorporates the most recently presented knowledge on this still enigmatic system and its genetic, enzymatic, and immunological aspects. Further insight into the genetic variation and allele frequencies of the GBGT1 locus has been reported, and screening studies regarding the prevalence of naturally occurring anti-FORS1 in human plasma have been performed and presented. More basic knowledge on the specificity of the gene product, the Forssman synthase, has been obtained in several detailed studies, and its relation to the homologous ABO gene has been investigated. Taken together, we summarize recently added information about the carbohydrate-based FORS blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion number 031).
Related Concept Videos
Force
The study of motion is called kinematics, but kinematics only...
Two-Dimensional Force System
Force and Momentum
Three-Dimensional Force System
Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II
Work Done on a System by External Force
In the presence of a non-conservative opposing force, like friction, some part of the work done...

