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Related Concept Videos

Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
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Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
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Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs

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Revisiting Reliability: Using Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) to Compare 25- and

Stacey L Pavelko1, Larry R Price2, Robert E Owens3

  • 1Master of Science for Speech-Language Pathology Program, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Dallas, TX.

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
|April 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reliable language sample results can be obtained using 25-utterance samples, comparable to 50-utterance samples. This finding supports feasible, evidence-based assessment practices for clinicians working with children.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistic Analysis

Background:

  • Conversational language samples are crucial for assessing child language development.
  • Determining the optimal sample size for reliable language analysis is an ongoing challenge.
  • Current practices often involve samples of 50 utterances, but smaller samples may suffice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the reliability of language sample analysis using 25-utterance versus 50-utterance samples.
  • To evaluate if a shorter conversational sample yields comparable results to a longer one.
  • To assess the clinical significance of differences in reliability metrics between sample sizes.

Main Methods:

  • Collected conversational language samples from 220 typically developing children (ages 3;2–7;10).
  • Randomly assigned samples to 25-utterance and 50-utterance conditions for analysis.
  • Examined mean length of utterance (MLUSUGAR), words per sentence, and clauses per sentence using mixed-model and Bland-Altman analyses.

Main Results:

  • Mixed-model analysis showed relative reliability for MLUSUGAR and words per sentence, but not absolute reliability.
  • Bland-Altman analysis indicated absolute reliability for all three metrics, with 94%-96% of scores within limits of agreement.
  • Statistically significant differences from the mixed-model analysis were not clinically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Different analytical methods yield varying reliability outcomes, emphasizing the need for multiple approaches.
  • Reliable language sample results are achievable with 25-utterance samples, supporting clinical efficiency.
  • The study's methods are feasible for school-based clinicians, promoting evidence-based assessment in practice.