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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis.

Gabsik Yang1, Jin Kyung Seok2, Han Chang Kang2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 55338, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 25, 2020
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Summary

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition involving barrier dysfunction and inflammation. New evidence shows AD is more prevalent in adults and may precede other allergic diseases, highlighting its systemic nature.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent, relapsing skin condition marked by barrier defects, inflammation, and itching.
  • Historically considered a childhood disease, AD increasingly affects adults.
  • AD development may precede other atopic conditions like asthma and allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
  • To explore the immunological and skin barrier mechanisms underlying AD.
  • To support the view of AD as a systemic disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental, genetic, and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of recent research on AD pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of findings on skin barrier and immune dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • AD involves critical cutaneous barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation.
  • AD pathogenesis is characterized by dysregulated immunology and skin barrier integrity.
  • Evidence suggests AD is a systemic disease.

Conclusions:

  • AD is a complex condition involving both skin barrier and immune system abnormalities.
  • Understanding AD pathogenesis offers insights into therapeutic strategies.
  • Future treatments may focus on barrier repair and inflammation reduction.