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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Spectrometer-Free Graphene Plasmonics Based Refractive Index Sensor.

Li Zhang1, Mohamed Farhat1, Khaled Nabil Salama1

  • 1Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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We developed a novel graphene plasmonic sensor that measures refractive index without a spectrometer. This breakthrough simplifies terahertz sensing for practical applications in biosensing and gas sensing.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Plasmonics
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Refractive index sensing is crucial for applications like biosensing and gas detection.
  • Traditional sensors often require bulky and complex spectrometers.
  • Graphene's unique electronic properties offer potential for novel sensor designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a spectrometer-free refractive index sensor.
  • To leverage graphene plasmonic structures for tunable sensing capabilities.
  • To achieve high sensitivity and figure of merit for terahertz sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a graphene plasmonic structure.
  • Utilizing electrostatic biasing to dynamically tune graphene's chemical potential.
Keywords:
graphene plasmonicsoptical refractive index sensorspectrometer-free sensing

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Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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  • Operating the sensor in both optical and electrical modes for refractive index measurement.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a sensitivity of 1566 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 250.6 RIU-1 in optical mode.
    • Demonstrated a sensitivity of 713.2 meV/RIU and a figure of merit of 246.8 RIU-1 in electrical mode.
    • Confirmed the spectrometer-free operation through dynamic tunability of graphene.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed graphene plasmonic sensor offers a simplified, spectrometer-free approach to refractive index sensing.
    • The sensor's high performance metrics indicate its potential for practical terahertz sensing applications.
    • This technology advances the development of compact and efficient sensors for biosensing and gas sensing.