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Do Surface Slope and Posture Influence Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics during Cycling?
Yunqi Tang1,2, Donghai Wang1,3, Yong Wang1,4
1Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Summary
Cycling uphill involves significant changes in lower extremity joint kinetics. Standing posture increases knee joint contribution to power, but may pose injury risks.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Human Movement
Background:
- Cycling performance is influenced by biomechanical factors.
- Understanding lower extremity joint kinetics is crucial for optimizing cycling efficiency and preventing injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of surface slope and body posture (seated vs. standing) on lower extremity joint kinetics during cycling.
Main Methods:
- Fourteen participants cycled at 250 watts on level and 14% uphill slopes in seated and standing positions.
- Motion analysis and instrumented pedals captured kinematics and pedal forces over 15 cycles.
- A two-factor repeated measures MANOVA analyzed the influence of slope and posture on joint moments and mechanical work.
Main Results:
- Both surface slope and body posture significantly affected hip, knee, and ankle joint moments and mechanical work (p < 0.05).
- The knee joint's relative contribution to total mechanical work increased significantly when transitioning from seated to standing posture.
- The knee joint acted as a power source during uphill standing cycling, particularly in the early downstroke phase.
Conclusions:
- Surface slope and body posture are critical determinants of lower extremity joint kinetics in cycling.
- Standing posture enhances power output during uphill cycling, with the knee joint playing a key role.
- While beneficial for power, prolonged standing posture during uphill cycling may increase knee injury risk.
