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Published on: May 30, 2025
Gene expression regulations by long noncoding RNAs and their roles in cancer
Xin-Hui Du1, Hua Wei2, Guo-Xin Qu1
1Orthopedic department, Henan Cancer Hospital/Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
Abstract:
Cancers are deadly diseases. The general mystery of carcinogenesis, primary and acquired drug resistance and distant organ metastasis are still puzzles to be solved. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are receiving more and more attention in recent years since their roles in transcriptional regulation have been unveiled. Detailed functional annotations of lncRNAs have showed that their regulatory roles are largely determined by their binding partners. LncRNAs directly bind to DNA, RNA and proteins and regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Here we review the current understanding of molecular functions of lncRNAs, will emphasize on their binding partners and summarize their biological roles in cancer.
Insights
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in cancer. This review highlights how lncRNAs bind to DNA, RNA, and proteins, influencing gene expression and impacting cancer progression and drug resistance.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with unsolved mysteries in carcinogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis.
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their critical roles in gene regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular functions of lncRNAs.
- To emphasize the importance of lncRNA binding partners in determining their regulatory roles.
- To summarize the biological significance of lncRNAs in cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on lncRNA functions.
- Analysis of studies detailing lncRNA interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins.
- Synthesis of findings on lncRNA roles in various aspects of cancer biology.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs regulate gene expression at multiple levels: transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational.
- The function and specificity of lncRNAs are largely dictated by their molecular binding partners.
- lncRNAs play diverse and significant roles in cancer development, progression, and treatment resistance.
Conclusions:
- Understanding lncRNA binding partners is key to deciphering their complex roles in cancer.
- lncRNAs represent promising targets for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
- Further research into lncRNA molecular mechanisms will advance cancer research and treatment strategies.
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