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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Dextran Enhances the Lentiviral Transduction Efficiency of Murine and Human Primary NK Cells

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DNT Cell-based Immunotherapy: Progress and Applications.

Yingrui Li^1,2, Kang Dong³, Xueke Fan⁴

¹Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.

Journal of Cancer

|April 25, 2020

Summary

Double negative T cells (DNTs) show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy. These cells can kill tumors and potentially prevent graft-versus-host disease, offering a new avenue for treatment.

Keywords:

DNTs immunotherapy tumor

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Cellular Therapy

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI), has advanced significantly.
Current ACI approaches using T cells, NK cells, and engineered cells face limitations like toxicity, cost, and technical demands.
Double negative T cells (DNTs) are a distinct T cell subset with inherent antitumor and immune regulatory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the progress and applications of double negative T cells (DNTs) in cancer immunotherapy.
To explore the potential of DNTs as a novel cellular product for cancer treatment.
To highlight the advantages of DNTs, including their ability to mediate antigen-restricted immunity and their potential for allogeneic 'off-the-shelf' applications.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical data on DNTs' antitumor activity.
Analysis of DNTs' role in immune regulation and graft-versus-host disease.
Evaluation of DNTs' potential for in vitro expansion and allogeneic clinical use.

Main Results:

DNTs demonstrate dual functionality: direct tumor cell killing and inhibition of graft-versus-host disease.
DNTs mediate nontumor antigen-restricted immunity, broadening their applicability.
In vitro expansion of DNTs from healthy donors enables potential 'off-the-shelf' allogeneic cellular products.

Conclusions:

Double negative T cells (DNTs) represent a promising cellular therapy for cancer treatment.
Their unique properties offer potential solutions to limitations of current adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
DNTs may provide novel perspectives and strategies for advancing cancer immunotherapy.