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Related Concept Videos

Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

6.0K
Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

1.4K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
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Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

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The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
56.4K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

9.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

57.9K
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a...
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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Anomalously High Proton Conduction of Interfacial Water.

V G Artemov1, E Uykur2, P O Kapralov3

  • 1Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|April 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interfacial water in nanoporous materials shows significantly higher protonic conductivity than bulk water due to unscreened charge carriers. This finding advances understanding of confined water properties for energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Water's anomalous properties at solid-liquid interfaces are not fully understood.
  • Investigating interfacial water is crucial for developing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the electrodynamic properties of interfacial water confined in nanoporous diamond matrices.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind enhanced ionic conductivity in confined water.

Main Methods:

  • Radio-frequency measurements of interfacial water in nanoporous diamond grains (5 nm to 0.5 μm).
  • Analysis of electrodynamic properties and charge carrier behavior.

Main Results:

  • Protonic conductivity in interfacial water can be up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than in bulk water.
  • Charge carriers (protons/holes) in interfacial water are not mutually screened, leading to higher mobility.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the enhanced protonic conductivity of interfacial water in nanoporous materials.
  • Findings support the development of novel proton-conductive materials for electrochemical energy systems, separations, and nanofluidics.