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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

External Anatomy of the Kidney

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

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Published on: June 21, 2024

Fused Right Supernumerary Kidney: A Case Report.

Sagun Manandhar¹, Ashish Khanal¹

¹Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.

JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association

|April 25, 2020

Summary

A rare fused supernumerary kidney, a congenital anomaly, was diagnosed using CT urography in an elderly woman. This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging for identifying rare kidney malformations.

Area of Science:

Urology
Radiology
Embryology

Background:

Supernumerary kidney is a rare congenital anomaly.
Fused supernumerary kidneys represent an even rarer variant.
Understanding the embryological basis is crucial for diagnosis.

Observation:

A 69-year-old female presented with multiple nephrolithiasis.
Computed Tomography Urography revealed a caudally located, fused right supernumerary kidney.
Associated findings included a separate renal artery, separate renal vein, and a bifid collecting system.

Findings:

The fused supernumerary kidney demonstrated unique vascular and collecting system anatomy.
Computed Tomography Urography proved effective in diagnosing this rare congenital anomaly.

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The presence of nephrolithiasis in the supernumerary kidney indicates clinical significance.

Implications:

This case underscores the diagnostic utility of CT urography for rare congenital anomalies.
Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management of supernumerary kidney complications.
Further research into the embryological origins can improve understanding of such rare conditions.