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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Crystal Field Theory
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Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl.

Kseniya A Tikhomirova1, Christian Tantardini1, Ekaterina V Sukhanova2,3

  • 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia.

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Researchers discovered exotic hexagonal sodium chloride (NaCl) thin films on diamond surfaces. This unexpected complexity arises from strong chemical interactions between the NaCl film and the diamond substrate.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a simple ionic compound, widely believed to be well-understood.
  • Recent studies have revealed complexities in NaCl under extreme conditions like high pressure and in low-dimensional states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural properties of NaCl thin films on a diamond substrate.
  • To explore the possibility of novel NaCl phases predicted by theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the *ab initio* evolutionary algorithm USPEX for theoretical prediction.
  • Performed experimental crystallization of NaCl thin films on a (110) diamond surface.
  • Employed state-of-the-art calculations and experimental techniques for characterization.

Main Results:

  • Successfully crystallized exotic hexagonal NaCl thin films on the (110) diamond surface.
  • Confirmed the theoretical prediction of this novel hexagonal phase.
  • Identified strong chemical interactions between the NaCl film and the diamond substrate as the driving force for this structure.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals unexpected structural complexity in NaCl thin films.
  • The hexagonal NaCl phase is stabilized by its interaction with the diamond substrate.
  • This finding opens new avenues for research in low-dimensional materials and surface chemistry.