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Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
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Image reconstruction for a multi-layer Compton telescope: an analytical model for three interaction events.

J Roser1, E Muñoz1, L Barrientos1

  • 1Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC-CSIC/UVEG), Valencia, Spain.

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Summary

This study enhances Compton Camera imaging for hadron therapy by developing a new model for three gamma-ray interactions. This improves energy and spatial resolution, crucial for accurate in vivo range verification.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Instrumentation and Methods
  • Medical Physics
  • Gamma-ray Imaging

Background:

  • Compton Cameras are vital for detecting gamma rays in sub-MeV to MeV ranges, particularly for in vivo range verification in hadron therapy via prompt gamma detection.
  • A key challenge is poor image quality when incident gamma-ray energy is unknown, motivating the development of multi-layer Compton Cameras.
  • Three interaction events in multi-layer Compton Cameras offer enhanced spectral information for direct incident gamma-ray energy inference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend an existing spectral reconstruction algorithm for two interaction events to accommodate three interaction events in a three-layer Compton Telescope.
  • To develop and validate analytical expressions for sensitivity and the System Matrix for three interaction events.
  • To implement the new model within a List Mode Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization algorithm for four-dimensional image reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytical model for signal formation from three gamma-ray interactions.
  • Derivation and validation of analytical expressions for sensitivity and System Matrix using Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Implementation of the model in a List Mode Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization algorithm for image reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model successfully recovers the correct spectrum and spatial distribution of gamma-ray sources with ideal data.
  • Monte Carlo studies identified incorrect interaction position estimation and missing energy from escaping secondaries as causes of image degradation with real data.
  • Current experimental resolution and efficiency for three interaction events limit the recovery of complex radioactive source structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides improved spectral information from three interaction events, promising enhanced image quality in Compton imaging.
  • Future work will integrate this three-interaction event model with the existing two-interaction event model for simultaneous use.
  • This integrated approach is expected to significantly improve the accuracy of in vivo range verification in hadron therapy.