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A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

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CNS infections in HIV.

Kiran T Thakur¹

¹Winifred Mercer Pitkin Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Critical Care and Hospitalist Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

|April 26, 2020

Summary

Central nervous system infections in people with HIV, like tuberculous and cryptococcal meningitis, remain a major cause of death. Advances in diagnosis and treatment are needed to reduce the burden of these opportunistic infections.

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Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

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Published on: June 11, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Infectious Diseases
HIV/AIDS Pathogenesis and Management
Global Health and Epidemiology

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH), especially in resource-limited settings.
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis are major opportunistic CNS infections in PLWH.
The CNS may act as a viral reservoir, with implications for HIV eradication and opportunistic infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent scientific discoveries in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of CNS opportunistic infections in PLWH.
To focus on tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis, including immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS).
To discuss the role of the CNS as a viral reservoir and highlight cerebrospinal fluid viral escape.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent scientific discoveries.
Analysis of data on morbidity and mortality associated with CNS infections in HIV.
Discussion of diagnostic and treatment challenges and advances.

Main Results:

CNS infections contribute significantly to AIDS-related deaths, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Delays in HIV diagnosis, lack of antimicrobial treatment, and risk of CNS IRIS are key factors.
Despite advances, morbidity and mortality from TBM and cryptococcal meningitis remain high.

Conclusions:

Lack of early diagnosis, treatment initiation, and consistent antiretroviral therapy drive the burden of CNS opportunistic infections.
The CNS as a viral reservoir has critical implications for HIV eradication strategies.
Further research and improved clinical practices are essential for controlling CNS opportunistic infections in PLWH.