Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Assisted chanting and Buddhist end-of-life care in contemporary China.

Palliative & supportive care·2026

Same author

Broadband Photodetector Based on Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> Hybridized with Eco-Friendly CuInS<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dots for Weak-to-Strong Light Detection.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Docosahexaenoic acid alleviates Ornidazole toxicity related to spermatogenic dysfunction by modulating PPARγ-dependent ER-mitochondrial uncoupling.

Science China. Life sciences·2026

Same author

Intraperitoneal ZP123 improves aged oocyte quality by restoring granulosa cell gap junctions and improving mitochondrial function.

Journal of ovarian research·2026

Same author

Recyclable Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> for Photocatalytic Synthesis of Cyanomethylated Oxindoles.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026

Same author

The effect of preemptive intravenous paracetamol-mannitol on postoperative analgesia and quality of recovery in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

BMC anesthesiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

An anomaly in quantum phases induced by borders.

Jun Jing^1,2, Mike Guidry³, Lian-Ao Wu^4,5

¹Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.

Scientific Reports

|April 26, 2020

Summary

Researchers discovered a new type of quantum phase transition in a circular spin model. This transition, triggered by changing boundary conditions instead of the Hamiltonian, reveals an infinite number of single-particle levels.

More Related Videos

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Mechanics

Background:

Quantum phase transitions (QPT) are typically induced by altering a system's Hamiltonian.
Previous studies focused on Hamiltonian changes to observe QPT.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate quantum phase transitions induced by boundary conditions.
To explore anomalies in quantum phases within a circular spin model.

Main Methods:

Utilized a circular spin model with Heisenberg XY interactions.
Analyzed the system's behavior under altered boundary conditions without a magnetic field.

Main Results:

Observed an anomaly in quantum phases driven by a change in boundary conditions.
Identified an infinite number of single-particle levels in the anomalous phase.
Noted a pattern similar to single-photon-triggered quantum phase transitions in the Rabi model.

Conclusions:

Boundary conditions can induce quantum phase transitions, independent of Hamiltonian changes.
The observed anomaly provides a new mechanism for studying quantum phase transitions.
This finding expands the understanding of quantum phase transitions and their underlying mechanisms.