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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

8.9K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Dichotomy of complement system: Tumorigenesis or destruction.

Ashima Sinha1, Virendra Singh2, Ravi Tandon3

  • 1Department of BiochemIstry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi-110060, India; SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi-110044, India.

Immunology Letters
|April 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The complement system fuels cancer growth but also aids antibody-based immunotherapies. Understanding its dual role and genetic variations is key for personalized cancer treatments.

Keywords:
CancerCancer immunotherapiesComplement systemTumor immunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The complement system, a part of innate immunity, comprises proteins that defend against pathogens.
  • Aberrant complement activation is increasingly recognized in cancer development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of the complement system in cancer, encompassing both tumor promotion and therapeutic response.
  • To explore the impact of genetic variations within complement system genes on cancer immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating complement system involvement in cancer.
  • Analysis of research on antibody-mediated immunotherapy and complement activation.
  • Examination of genetic polymorphism data in complement genes related to cancer.

Main Results:

  • Complement system components can promote tumor growth via oncogenic pathways and cell cycle disruption.
  • Complement activation initiated by therapeutic antibodies is crucial for effective cancer immunotherapy response.
  • Genetic variations in complement genes may influence individual susceptibility and treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system presents a complex, dual role in cancer, acting as both a promoter and a mediator of therapeutic efficacy.
  • Targeting or modulating the complement system holds potential for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers for personalized complement-targeted cancer immunotherapies.