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Can rain suppress smoldering peat fire?

Shaorun Lin1, Yau Kuen Cheung2, Yang Xiao2

  • 1Research Centre for Fire Engineering, Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|April 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Violent, short-term rain effectively suppresses persistent peatland wildfires, unlike light rain. Understanding rainfall intensity is key to predicting carbon emissions from these significant global fire events.

Keywords:
Carbon emissionsFire suppressionPeatlandRainfall intensityUnderground fireWildland fire

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Earth Science
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Peatland wildfires are persistent, smoldering events contributing significantly to global carbon emissions and regional haze.
  • Smoldering peat fires represent a major global fire phenomenon with long-lasting impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which rainfall suppresses shallow (up to 15 cm) smoldering peat fires.
  • To determine the critical rainfall intensity, duration, and depth required for peat fire extinguishment.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate rainfall effects on smoldering peat fires.
  • Analysis of the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and depth for fire suppression.

Main Results:

  • A minimum rainfall intensity of approximately 4 mm/h is required to extinguish peat fires; light rain is ineffective.
  • The duration required for extinguishment decreases with increasing rainfall intensity, following the relationship log10(Δt) = -1.15log10(I) + 3.3.
  • Required rainfall depth for extinguishment decreases with intensity, reaching a minimum of 13 mm under intense rain.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term, violent rainfall is the most effective method for suppressing persistent smoldering peat fires.
  • Rainfall intensity directly influences carbon emission flux, with higher intensities leading to lower emissions.
  • Findings aid in predicting peat fire development and carbon emissions using regional weather models.