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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Skeletal Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Michael Awad1, Robson Capasso2

  • 1Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, 675 N, St Clair Street, 15th Floor, Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|April 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines skeletal surgery techniques, including maxillary expansion and genioglossus advancement, within the modified Stanford protocol for sleep apnea. It highlights evolving surgical roles for specific patient phenotypes.

Keywords:
DOMEDentofacial deformityDistraction osteogenesisGenioglossus advancementMaxillary expansionMaxillomandibular advancementMicrognathiaRetrognathia

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment often involves multidisciplinary approaches.
  • The modified Stanford protocol integrates various treatment modalities for OSA.
  • Skeletal surgery plays a crucial role in managing specific OSA patient phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of skeletal surgery within the modified Stanford protocol for OSA.
  • To detail the evolving applications of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in OSA management.
  • To discuss specific surgical techniques relevant to congenital dentofacial deformities and drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical techniques applied within the modified Stanford protocol.
  • Focus on maxillary expansion for a newly identified patient phenotype.
  • Discussion of genioglossus advancement as a key surgical intervention.

Main Results:

  • Maxillary expansion shows a growing role in specific OSA patient groups.
  • Genioglossus advancement is a significant surgical option within the protocol.
  • The article emphasizes established and evolving surgical roles, excluding less common techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal surgery, particularly MMA and maxillary expansion, is integral to the modified Stanford protocol.
  • Surgical techniques are tailored to patient phenotype, including dentofacial deformities and specific sleep endoscopy findings.
  • The protocol's evolution includes refined indications for established and emerging surgical interventions in OSA management.