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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

Human identification through DNA analysis of restored postmortem teeth.

Heitor Simoes Dutra Correa¹, Venusia Cortellini², Gloria Brescia²

¹University of Brescia - Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Forensic Medicine Unit, Brescia, Italy; Politec/MT - Forensic DNA Laboratory - Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Forensic Science International. Genetics

|April 27, 2020

Summary

Restored teeth from exhumed remains, buried for 46 years, yielded complete DNA profiles. This study demonstrates the viability of using restored teeth for forensic DNA analysis in challenging cases.

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Molecular Biology
Anthropology

Background:

DNA analysis for human remains identification is challenging, especially with time elapsed since death.

Keywords:

.DNA forensic genetics human identification tooth

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Intact teeth are successful for DNA analysis, but restored teeth are often available and understudied.

No prior forensic DNA analysis reports exist for restored teeth in real cases.