Imaging of extraventricular neurocytoma: a systematic literature review

Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) was firstly described in 1997. The current literature regarding imaging of EVN is limited to sporadic case reports and case series. EVN is still poorly considered in the differential diagnosis by neuroradiologists, thus diagnosis remains challenging. In this systematic review, we summarize and discuss computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of EVN cases described in the literature, in order to provide useful informations to neuroradiologists. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive review about imaging of EVN.

A systematic review of the literature about imaging of EVN cases was done. Only case reports or case series in which imaging (CT and/or MRI) features were deeply described were included in the revision. Eligibility of studies was assessed independently by two authors and any disagreements resolved by discussion.

Our search strategy revealed 224 articles. After implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 studies were considered, and a total of 79 cases of EVN were analyzed.

EVN has not specific characteristics, with a large and variable imaging spectrum. Usually it appears as a large tumor, with diameters superior to 40 mm, frequently involving the frontal lobe. CT density and MRI signal intensity typically mirror the presence of cystic, solid, or calcified elements; contrast enhancement is visible in 87% of cases. Today, diagnosis of EVN with only imaging techniques is not univocal; neuroradiologists can only suspect this type of lesion, while the definitive diagnosis remains histological.