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Social Class Predicts Emotion Perception and Perspective-Taking Performance in Adults
1University of California, Irvine, USA.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|April 28, 2020
Summary
Social class impacts "Theory of Mind" (ToM) abilities. Higher social class is linked to poorer performance in understanding others' emotions and perspectives, challenging deficit-based views.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Sociology
Background:
- Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer mental states, shows cultural variation.
- Previous research indicates ToM performance can differ across various social dimensions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between social class and Theory of Mind performance.
- To examine if social class influences emotion perception and visual perspective-taking abilities.
Main Methods:
- Four studies (N=881), including two preregistered replications, were conducted.
- Participants completed tasks assessing emotion perception (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test) and visual perspective-taking (Director Task).
Main Results:
- Higher social class was associated with poorer performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
- Higher-class individuals made more errors in the Director Task compared to lower-class individuals.
- Social class significantly predicted performance across different ToM domains.
Conclusions:
- Social class is a significant predictor of Theory of Mind performance.
- Findings suggest higher social class may be linked to reduced abilities in emotion perception and visual perspective-taking.
- Results challenge deficiency-centered perspectives on individuals from lower social classes.
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