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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • The nocturnal boundary layer exhibits two distinct regimes: weakly stable (strong-wind/overcast) and very stable (clear-sky/weak-wind).
  • Previous studies used Monin-Obukhov similarity, relying on turbulence closure assumptions, to model the transition dynamics.
  • Understanding these transitions is crucial for predicting atmospheric stability and turbulence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evening transition of the nocturnal boundary layer using direct numerical simulation (DNS).
  • To verify previous predictions of transition dynamics without relying on turbulence parametrizations.
  • To identify and quantify early warning signals for the regime shift to a very stable state.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation of an idealized nocturnal boundary layer model.
  • Analysis of turbulent boundary layer dynamics to detect changes preceding regime shifts.
  • Comparison with generic non-linear dynamical systems exhibiting critical transitions.

Main Results:

  • DNS results confirm previous predictions regarding nocturnal boundary layer transition dynamics, independent of turbulence closure assumptions.
  • Specific, predictable changes in turbulent boundary layer dynamics precede the shift to the very stable state.
  • Quantitative estimates for the transition point can be inferred from these dynamic changes.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates previous findings on nocturnal boundary layer transitions using a more robust simulation method.
  • Early warning signals for critical transitions in stably stratified turbulent flows are identified.
  • The nocturnal boundary layer system exhibits characteristics of generic non-linear systems undergoing critical transitions.