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Related Concept Videos

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
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Hot Weather Concreting01:20

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Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
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Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls01:22

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In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
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Mass Concreting01:22

Mass Concreting

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Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
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Cold Weather Concreting01:27

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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
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Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation.

Lincan Yan1, David Yantek1, Timothy Lutz1

  • 1The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236.

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Underground mine refuge alternatives (RAs) can overheat from occupant and equipment heat. NIOSH tested two air supplies, finding both effective in maintaining safe temperatures within RAs during emergencies.

Keywords:
experimental techniquesheat transfer enhancement

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Area of Science:

  • Mining safety engineering
  • Occupational health and safety
  • Thermal management systems

Background:

  • Refuge alternatives (RAs) are critical for miner safety during underground coal mine emergencies.
  • Rising interior temperatures and humidity in RAs pose significant thermal hazards to occupants.
  • Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations limit apparent temperature in RAs to 95 °F.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of two distinct air supply systems in mitigating heat and humidity buildup within RAs.
  • To assess the performance of an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs.

Main Methods:

  • NIOSH conducted tests in the Experimental Mine using a 60-person built-in-place (BIP) RA with BAS.
  • Tests also involved a 30-person BIP RA and a 23-person portable tent-type RA with cryogenic air supply.
  • Multiple trials were performed to measure the cooling capacity of each system under simulated occupancy and equipment loads.

Main Results:

  • Both the air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and the cryogenic air supply successfully maintained apparent temperatures below the 95 °F regulatory limit.
  • The tested systems demonstrated the ability to counteract heat generated by occupants and CO2 scrubbing systems.

Conclusions:

  • The borehole air supply (BAS) and cryogenic air supply are viable strategies for managing thermal conditions in underground mine refuge alternatives.
  • These systems offer potential solutions for preventing hazardous heat and humidity buildup, enhancing miner safety during emergencies.