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High-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes in an optical microfibre assisted by few-layer GaSe.

Biqiang Jiang1, Zhen Hao1, Yafei Ji1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129 China.

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Summary

Researchers integrated gallium selenide (GaSe) nanoflakes with optical fibres to achieve efficient second-order nonlinear frequency conversions. This breakthrough enables enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) using low-power lasers.

Keywords:
Fibre optics and optical communicationsNonlinear optics

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Silica optical fibres are centrosymmetric, limiting second-order nonlinear optical processes.
  • Integrating 2D materials with optical fibres offers a new pathway for all-fibre active devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate high-efficiency second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in an optical microfibre.
  • To leverage the nonlinear properties of few-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) nanoflakes for enhanced optical functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an optical microfibre integrated with few-layer GaSe nanoflakes.
  • Utilisation of sub-milliwatt continuous-wave (CW) lasers in the 1500-1620 nm telecom bands.
  • Characterisation of second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) processes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high-efficiency SHG and SFG in the GaSe-integrated microfibre.
  • Observed over four orders of magnitude enhancement in SHG intensity compared to bare fibre.
  • Demonstrated effective manipulation of intensity transfer in SFG by tuning pump laser parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The GaSe-integrated microfibre exhibits strong second-order nonlinearity, overcoming limitations of centrosymmetric silica fibres.
  • This technology holds potential for advanced all-fibre devices in all-optical signal processing.
  • Enables the generation of new light sources at challenging wavelengths for telecommunications and beyond.