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Estimates of environmental loading from copper alloy materials
Patrick J Earley1, Brandon L Swope1, Marienne A Colvin1
1Cyber, Science and Technology Department,Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA.
Biofouling
|April 28, 2020
Summary
Metal release from copper alloys in aquaculture nets shows an initial spike then declines. Leachate toxicity correlates with metal concentration, with no additional toxicity from alloys.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Aquaculture Engineering
Background:
- Copper alloys are increasingly used in aquaculture for their antifouling properties.
- Understanding metal leaching from these materials is crucial for environmental impact assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify metal release rates from various copper alloy materials used in aquaculture.
- To compare metal release with conventional antifouling coatings.
- To assess the toxicity of leached metals.
Main Methods:
- In situ measurement of metal release rates using a Dome enclosure system in San Diego Bay over one year.
- Analysis of released metals (copper, zinc, nickel) from different copper alloy forms and nylon nets with cuprous oxide coating.
- Leachate toxicity testing.
Main Results:
- Copper was the predominant metal released, followed by zinc and nickel.
- Release rates exhibited a temporal trend: an initial spike followed by a decline to a low asymptotic level.
- Leachate toxicity was directly proportional to metal concentrations and comparable to pure metals.
Conclusions:
- Copper alloy materials used in aquaculture release metals with a predictable temporal pattern.
- The tested alloys do not introduce toxicity beyond that of their constituent pure metals.
- Findings inform the environmental management of copper-based aquaculture gear.
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