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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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Published on: June 12, 2020
Exploring the Efficacy of a Mindfulness Program for Boys With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and
Pietro Muratori1, Ciro Conversano2, Valentina Levantini1
1IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
Abstract:
Objective: This study was the first attempt to explore the efficacy of a mindfulness protocol for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and their parents. Method: Fifty male children with ADHD and ODD diagnosis, aged 8 to 12, were randomly assigned to the mindfulness intervention (n = 25) or the wait-list (n = 25) group. Outcome measures included children, parents', and teachers' reports and objective measures of attention. Results: Children from the intervention group had a greater reduction in hyperactive behaviors in the school context (effect size [ES] = 0.59) and a greater improvement in visual sustained attention (ES = 0.77) and in Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire scores (ES = 0.43) than those in the wait-list control group. No significant effect of the intervention on aggressive behaviors was revealed. Conclusion: A mindfulness intervention for children and their parents showed partial beneficial effects in children with ADHD + ODD.
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