Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

652
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
652
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

403
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
403

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Active versus sham transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field headband treatment for major depression: protocol for a double-blinded randomised trial.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Light therapy for bipolar disorders: Clinical recommendations from the international society for bipolar disorders (ISBD) Chronobiology and Chronotherapy Task Force.

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience·2025
Same author

Beliefs about inaccessible memories of childhood sexual abuse: a survey of laypeople and professionals.

Memory (Hove, England)·2025
Same author

Effects of dim-evening lighting optimised for geographical orientation versus standard lighting on mental health: protocol paper for a quasiexperimental study in a psychiatric hospital.

BMJ open·2024
Same author

Seasonality and sun exposure in incidence of major depression, bipolar disorder, and first-time use of antidepressant medication.

Nordic journal of psychiatry·2024
Same author

Measuring narrative identity: rater coding versus questionnaire-based approaches.

Memory (Hove, England)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.2K

Differentiating depression and ADHD without depression in adults with processing-speed measures.

Klaus Martiny1, Niels Peter Nielsen2, Elisabeth H Wiig3

  • 1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Neuropsychiatrica
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive processing speed and shift costs effectively differentiate adults with depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment improved naming times, particularly in ADHD patients receiving stimulant medication.

Keywords:
ADHDdepressionexecutive functionmethylphenidatetranscranially applied pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (T-PEMF)treatment resistant depression

More Related Videos

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.8K
Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.2K
Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.8K
Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairments are common in depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Processing speed and executive functions, like cognitive flexibility (shift costs), are key areas of investigation.
  • Objective measures are needed to differentiate these conditions and monitor treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate processing-speed and shift-cost measures in differentiating adults with depression and ADHD.
  • To monitor the effects of treatment on these cognitive measures.
  • To test the hypothesis that these measures can distinguish between diagnostic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed naming times for colour, form, and colour-form stimuli to calculate processing speed.
  • Calculated shift costs as the difference between colour-form naming time and the sum of colour and form naming times.
  • Measured cognitive performance at baseline and end-point in 42 adults with depression (treated with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields) and 42 with ADHD (treated with methylphenidate).

Main Results:

  • Processing speed (colour-form naming times) and shift costs were sensitive in differentiating depression and ADHD groups at baseline.
  • Naming times decreased in both groups after treatment.
  • ADHD patients showed improved shift costs after stimulant medication, returning to average-normal ranges, while depression patients' shift costs remained in the average-normal range throughout.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-treatment cognitive-processing-speed (colour-form) and shift-cost measures are most effective in differentiating patients with depression and ADHD.
  • Observed reductions in naming times for the depression group may indicate improved psychomotor speed rather than enhanced cognitive control.