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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation over Isolated Pt Sites.

Ran Hao1, Wenming Sun2, Qian Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Isolated platinum (Pt) sites on tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoplates significantly boost ammonia production via electrochemical nitrogen (N2) fixation. This novel catalyst design enhances efficiency and ammonia yield rates compared to traditional nanoparticle catalysts.

Keywords:
density functional theory calculationselectrocatalysiselectrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyisolated Pt sitesnitrogen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Ambient electrochemical nitrogen (N2) fixation is crucial for sustainable ammonia (NH3) production.
  • Commercial platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts have shown limited efficiency in this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop highly efficient electrocatalysts for ambient N2 fixation.
  • To investigate the performance of isolated Pt sites on WO3 nanoplates for NH3 synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical synthesis of isolated Pt sites anchored on WO3 nanoplates.
  • Ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency measurements in 0.1 m K2SO4.
  • Mechanistic analysis using electrochemical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Isolated Pt sites on WO3 nanoplates achieved an optimal NH3 yield rate of 342.4 µg h-1 mg-1 Pt and 31.1% Faradaic efficiency at -0.2 V vs RHE.
  • Performance was 11-15 times higher than Pt nanoparticle counterparts.
  • Mechanistic studies revealed an alternating hydrogenation pathway facilitated by positively charged isolated Pt sites with a Pt-3O structure.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated Pt sites on WO3 nanoplates represent a highly effective electrocatalyst for N2 fixation.
  • The unique Pt-3O structure and positive charge on isolated Pt sites enhance N2 adsorption and activation.
  • Suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction contributes to the improved nitrogen reduction reaction efficiency.