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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Neuronal Apoptosis Model induced by Spinal Cord Compression in Rat
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Metastatic spinal cord compression.

Surendra Patnaik1, Joseph Turner2, Praveen Inaparthy1

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metastatic spinal cord compression, a serious condition affecting thousands annually, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent neurological damage. Early intervention is key for pain management and maintaining patient independence.

Keywords:
CancerCompressionMetastaticSpinal cordSpine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Spinal Medicine

Background:

  • Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) arises from cancer spread to the spine.
  • It impacts approximately 4000 individuals yearly in England and Wales.
  • Improved cancer survival rates increase the incidence of MSCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical approach to MSCC.
  • To detail the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of MSCC.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely identification and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation.
  • Discussion of pathophysiology.
  • Outline of diagnostic strategies.
  • Description of management options including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery.

Main Results:

  • Improved survival in common malignancies necessitates proactive MSCC management.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing irreversible neurological injury.
  • Effective management preserves patient mobility, function, and independence.

Conclusions:

  • MSCC is a significant complication of cancer with improved patient survival.
  • A comprehensive clinical approach encompassing diagnosis and multimodal management is essential.
  • Timely intervention significantly impacts patient outcomes and quality of life.