Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
An update on extravasation: basic knowledge for clinical pharmacists
Elise Joelle Smolders1,2, Guillemette Emma Benoist3,4, Chloe Corrie Hans Smit2
1Pharmacy, Radboud Institue of Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands elise.smolders@radboudumc.nl.
Abstract:
Extravasation is the leakage of intravenously administered solution into surrounding tissues, which can cause serious damage to the patient. The impact of extravasation is mostly determined by the localisation and volume of extravasation, but the physicochemical properties of the drugs are also important. In this paper a stepwise approach to managing an extravasation is described, with recommendations on the role of the pharmacist. Information on osmolality, pH, pKa and the buffering capacity of drugs is given in relation to extravasation, which is summarised in a practical crash card that can be used in clinical practice.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics: Overview
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview
Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models
The noncompartmental approach capitalizes on extensive sampling data, correlating the volume of distribution to systemic exposure and the administered dosage. This method enables...
Pharmacovigilance
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

