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Honey bee virus causes context-dependent changes in host social behavior.

Amy C Geffre1, Tim Gernat2,3, Gyan P Harwood4

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.

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Honey bees infected with Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) show altered social behaviors. Pathogen manipulation of honey bee phenotypes may increase disease transmission in managed bee populations.

Keywords:
honey beehost–pathogen evolutionpathogen manipulationvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Anthropogenic environmental changes create novel conditions favoring emerging diseases.
  • Honey bee (Apis mellifera) health is threatened by increased pathogen pressure, particularly from the parasitic mite/virus complex.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for managing diseases in managed populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) alters individual and group phenotypes in honey bees.
  • To determine if IAPV manipulates honey bee behavior for transmission.
  • To examine the role of social context in IAPV-induced behavioral changes.

Main Methods:

  • Automated and manual behavioral monitoring of IAPV-inoculated honey bees.
  • Experimental inoculation of bees and observation of within- and between-colony interactions.
  • Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles to assess social recognition.

Main Results:

  • IAPV infection reduced social contacts within colonies, suggesting a social immune response.
  • IAPV-infected bees experienced reduced aggression from foreign colony members, facilitating colony entry.
  • Behavioral changes were linked to alterations in cuticular hydrocarbons, indicating pathogen manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • IAPV manipulates honey bee behavior, altering social interactions to potentially enhance transmission.
  • These findings highlight the impact of emerging bee pathogens on host phenotypes within managed apiculture.
  • Understanding these host-pathogen dynamics is vital for honey bee health and global food security.