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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
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Individual differences in trust evaluations are shaped mostly by environments, not genes.

Clare A M Sutherland1,2, Nichola S Burton3, Jeremy B Wilmer4

  • 1Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; clare.sutherland@abdn.ac.uk.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in judging facial trustworthiness are primarily shaped by personal experiences, not genetics. This finding highlights the unique environmental influences on social perception.

Keywords:
behavioral geneticsclassical twin designface evaluationfirst impressionstrust

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Facial trustworthiness evaluations significantly impact social outcomes, including financial, relational, and legal judgments.
  • Existing models explain consensus in trustworthiness perception based on facial attributes but overlook individual variations.
  • Understanding observer differences in face evaluation is crucial for social cognition research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify individual differences in the evaluation of facial trustworthiness.
  • To determine the relative contributions of genetics, shared environment, and unique personal experience to these individual differences.
  • To examine the specificity of trustworthiness evaluation compared to other facial impressions like dominance and attractiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a sensitive test to measure individual trustworthiness evaluations.
  • Utilization of a twin study design to disentangle genetic and environmental influences.
  • Application of multivariate twin modeling to assess the specificity of trustworthiness evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Substantial and stable individual differences in judging facial trustworthiness were identified.
  • These individual differences are predominantly influenced by unique personal experiences, not genetic or shared environmental factors.
  • Trustworthiness evaluation showed specificity, dissociating from evaluations of facial dominance and attractiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Variation in facial trustworthiness perception is largely driven by personal experience, a rare finding for a core social perceptual capacity.
  • This contrasts with facial recognition ability, which is primarily genetically influenced.
  • The findings offer insights into social brain development, societal trust discrepancies, and the malleability of face evaluation.