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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

667
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
667
Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

493
The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
493
Creep in Concrete01:22

Creep in Concrete

944
Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
944
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

379
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
379
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

289
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
289
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

286
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
286

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

646

Calcium silicate cement interface with restorative materials through layering after different time intervals.

Behnam Bolhari1,2, Kazem Ashofteh Yazdi1, Mehdi Abbasi3

  • 1Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Odontology
|April 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biodentine, CEM Cement, and ProRoot MTA were tested with different restorative materials. Biodentine showed the highest microhardness when layered immediately, suggesting it as a potentially better option for immediate restorations.

Keywords:
AmalgamCalcium silicateComposite resinGlass ionomer cementInterface

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are widely used in dental restorations.
  • Understanding their interfacial characteristics with various restorative materials is crucial for clinical success.
  • Factors like layering time and restorative material type can influence cement properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the interfacial characteristics of Biodentine, CEM Cement, and ProRoot MTA.
  • To compare the effects of different final restorative materials (amalgam, composite resin, light cure glass ionomer cement) on CSCs.
  • To investigate the influence of immediate, 24-hour, and 72-hour layering intervals on these interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for interface characterization.
  • Vickers surface microhardness testing at the cement-restorative material interface.
  • Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA, Dunnett T3, and Tukey HSD (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Highest microhardness for Biodentine was observed at 24 hours; for CEM Cement and ProRoot MTA, it was at 72 hours.
  • ProRoot MTA showed no significant microhardness difference across restorative materials or layering times.
  • Biodentine exhibited the highest microhardness in immediate layering scenarios.
  • Element transfer (deposition and depletion) occurred between CSCs and restorative materials regardless of layering time.

Conclusions:

  • Layering time significantly impacts the microhardness of Biodentine, CEM Cement, and ProRoot MTA.
  • Biodentine may be preferable for immediate layering due to its superior microhardness.
  • Interfacial element transfer is a common phenomenon between CSCs and restorative materials.