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Viral vectors for neuronal cell type-specific visualization and manipulations.

Yuanyuan Liu¹, Shane Hegarty², Carla Winter³

¹Somatosensation and Pain Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

|April 29, 2020

Summary

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Viral vectors enable specific labeling and manipulation of neuronal cell types for research. Ongoing advancements in viral tropism, delivery, and genetic engineering are improving cell-specific targeting in the nervous system.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Precise characterization of neuronal cell types is crucial for understanding brain connectivity and function.
Recombinant viral vectors are powerful tools for targeted gene delivery in specific neuronal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state and challenges of using viral vectors for neuronal cell type-specific visualization and manipulation.
To highlight advancements in altering viral tropisms, delivery strategies, and engineered DNA sequences for selective expression.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on viral vector technology for neuroscience.
Analysis of strategies for achieving cell type-specific targeting, including tropism modification and engineered genetic elements.

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Integration of insights from single-cell genomic analyses.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in developing viral vectors for targeted transgene expression.
Key strategies include modifying viral tropisms, optimizing delivery, and employing engineered DNA sequences for selective expression.
Single-cell genomic data provides valuable resources for designing targeted viral vectors.

Conclusions:

Viral vectors are essential for dissecting neuronal subtypes.
Continued development is needed to address challenges and expand applications to the diverse neuronal subtypes in the mammalian nervous system.
Future efforts will focus on refining viral vector tools for comprehensive neuronal circuit analysis.