Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

445
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
445
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

11.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
11.9K
Lifestyle Factors and Health01:20

Lifestyle Factors and Health

355
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
355
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.4K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.4K
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

779
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
779
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.5K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Understanding Statistical Noise in Research: 2. Noise in Clinical Trials and Observational Studies.

Indian journal of psychological medicine·2023
Same author

Prevalence of Bedtime Procrastination in University Students and Reexamination of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.

The primary care companion for CNS disorders·2023
Same author

Publication of studies registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India: An audit of mood disorder research protocols from 2009-2019.

Indian journal of psychiatry·2023
Same author

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with Low Dose Lithium, Without Concomitant Antipsychotics.

Indian journal of psychological medicine·2023
Same author

Understanding Statistical Noise in Research: 1. Basic Concepts.

Indian journal of psychological medicine·2023
Same author

Survival of Combined Overdose with Very High Doses of Clozapine and Blonanserin: A Case Report.

Indian journal of psychological medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
04:13

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.1K

Reverse Causation, Physical Inactivity, and Dementia.

Chittaranjan Andrade1

  • 1Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|April 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical inactivity may increase dementia risk, but reverse causation is possible. Dementia symptoms might cause inactivity years before diagnosis, complicating research on inactivity as a dementia risk factor.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasecause and effectdementiaphysical activityphysical inactivityreverse causation

More Related Videos

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

7.0K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
04:13

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.1K
Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

7.0K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Establishing causality between physical inactivity and dementia is complex.
  • Reverse causation, where dementia influences physical activity, presents a significant challenge in research.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective dementia prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the concept of reverse causation in the context of physical inactivity and dementia.
  • To analyze how reverse causation was addressed in a meta-analysis of physical inactivity as a dementia risk factor.
  • To highlight alternative interpretations of findings when reverse causation is a possibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the concept of reverse causation in scientific research.
  • Examination of an individual participant data meta-analysis investigating physical inactivity and dementia risk.
  • Discussion of methodological approaches to account for or identify reverse causation.

Main Results:

  • Physical inactivity is a plausible risk factor for dementia.
  • Reverse causation is a scientifically plausible alternative explanation.
  • The meta-analysis considered physical inactivity as a risk factor, but reverse causation requires careful interpretation of results.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between physical inactivity and dementia is not definitively causal due to potential reverse causation.
  • Methodological approaches must account for reverse causation to accurately assess risk factors.
  • Further research is needed to disentangle the direction of influence between physical activity and dementia onset.