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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Drug Action01:24

Principles of Drug Action

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Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

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Active matter therapeutics.

Arijit Ghosh1, Weinan Xu1, Neha Gupta1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

Nano Today
|April 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active matter nanotherapeutics offer enhanced drug delivery by actively moving and changing shape. This review explores their potential to improve treatments for cancer and heart disease.

Keywords:
cancerclot removaldrug deliverynanomotorsnanotechnologytumor transport

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional nanotherapeutics (micelles, liposomes, nanoparticles) are largely passive, limiting their efficacy.
  • Static nanocarriers face challenges in transport and crossing biological barriers.
  • Active matter offers a new paradigm for overcoming limitations of passive nanodrug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the emerging field of active matter for therapeutic applications.
  • To explore how active matter's motility and environmental responsiveness can enhance drug delivery.
  • To link active matter properties to potential treatments for cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on active matter in drug delivery.
  • Analysis of transport and permeability properties of active micro/nanoconstructs.
  • Discussion of therapeutic applications in oncology and cardiology.

Main Results:

  • Active matter, defined as micro/nanosized constructs that react to their environment or external fields, shows promise for advanced drug delivery.
  • These active particles can enhance transport, increase permeability across barriers, and improve drug distribution in tumor microenvironments.
  • Potential applications include targeted cancer therapy and cardiovascular plaque disruption.

Conclusions:

  • Active matter nanotherapeutics represent a significant advancement over passive systems.
  • Their dynamic properties offer solutions for challenging drug delivery scenarios.
  • Further research and overcoming translational hurdles are crucial for clinical application.