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Cognitive Frailty as a Risk Factor for Incident Disability During Late Life: A 24-Month Follow-Up Longitudinal Study.

K Tsutsumimoto1, T Doi, S Nakakubo

  • 1Kota Tsutsumimoto, Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, 474-8511, Japan, Tel: +81-562-44-5651, Fax: +81-562-46-8294,

The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|April 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive frailty, defined as both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, significantly increases the risk of incident disability in older adults. This finding highlights the importance of identifying and addressing cognitive frailty for preventive interventions in community settings.

Keywords:
Long-term careadverse healthlongitudinal

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The association between cognitive frailty and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults requires clarification.
  • Developing a precise operational definition for cognitive frailty is crucial for targeted preventive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an operational definition for cognitive frailty in older adults.
  • To investigate the association between cognitive frailty and the risk of incident disability in a community setting.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 9,936 community-based older adults (≥65 years) for 24 months.
  • Frailty was assessed by walking speed and grip strength; cognitive function was evaluated using multiple tests.
  • Participants were categorized into robust, cognitive impairment only, frailty only, or cognitive frailty groups.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 11.2% in the cohort.
  • Cognitive frailty was associated with the highest cumulative incidence rate of incident disability (79.9/1,000 person-years).
  • The adjusted hazard ratio for incident disability was significantly higher in the cognitive frailty group (HR 3.86, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • An operational definition for cognitive frailty was successfully developed.
  • Cognitive frailty is a stronger predictor of incident disability in community-dwelling older adults compared to cognitive impairment or physical frailty alone.