[Correlation between high-risk TP53 mutation and extracapsular spread in oral squamous cell carcinoma]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy.
• Extracapsular spread (ECS) is a critical prognostic factor in OSCC.
• Tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations are frequently observed in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the correlation between high-risk TP53 mutations and ECS in OSCC patients.
• To determine the impact of ECS on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in OSCC.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 88 OSCC patients.
• Classification of patients based on lymph node metastasis and ECS.
• Detection of TP53 gene deletions in primary and metastatic lesions.
• Statistical analysis of DFS, OS, and TP53 mutation status in relation to ECS.

Main Results:

• TP53 homozygous deletions were detected across all groups.
• High-risk (HR) TP53 mutations and other mutations were more frequent in patients with ECS (P<0.05).
• ECS was significantly correlated with reduced DFS and OS rates (P<0.05).
• Smoking, primary lesion size, and TP53 mutation status (wild-type/low-risk vs. high-risk/others) were associated with ECS (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

• Extracapsular spread (ECS) is a significant indicator of poor prognosis in OSCC.
• High-risk TP53 mutations are prevalent in OSCC cases with ECS.
• A correlation exists between high-risk TP53 mutations and the presence of ECS in OSCC.