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HIITing the brain with exercise: mechanisms, consequences and practical recommendations.

Thomas A Calverley1, Shigehiko Ogoh1,2, Christopher J Marley1

  • 1Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK.

The Journal of Physiology
|April 30, 2020
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Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) offers a time-efficient approach to improve brain health and prevent neurovascular diseases like stroke and dementia. Further research is encouraged to explore its clinical benefits in an aging population.

Keywords:
cerebrovascular functioncognitiondementiahigh-intensity interval trainingneuroprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging populations face rising rates of neurovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia.
  • Prevention strategies, focusing on modifiable risk factors like physical activity, are crucial due to the lack of cures.
  • Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) shows vascular benefits but requires significant time commitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and physiological basis of high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
  • To discuss the potential neuroprotective benefits of HIIT for brain health, drawing parallels with MICT.
  • To highlight safety, optimal intervention components, and statistical considerations for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of HIIT evolution and physiological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of vascular benefits of MICT and their potential enhancement through HIIT.
  • Calculation of statistical effect sizes for future study power analysis.

Main Results:

  • HIIT is a time-efficient exercise modality potentially offering superior cardiorespiratory and vascular benefits compared to MICT.
  • Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist on HIIT's direct impact on the brain.
  • Established physiological changes and mechanistic bases of HIIT are described.

Conclusions:

  • HIIT presents a promising, time-efficient strategy for enhancing brain health and preventing neurovascular diseases.
  • Further RCTs are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of HIIT, particularly for cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Optimal HIIT interventions require careful consideration of safety and specific components to maximize neuroprotective effects.