Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Develop a Messaging Component for Weight Loss:
Angela Fidler Pfammatter1, Sara Hoffman Marchese1, Christine Pellegrini2
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
JMIR Formative Research
|April 30, 2020
Summary
This study optimized mobile messaging for weight loss interventions. Automated, tailored texts were developed to support self-regulation and improve weight management outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral science
- Health technology
- Obesity research
Background:
- Mobile messaging is common in weight loss interventions, but its specific contribution is unclear.
- The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) provides a framework for systematically improving interventions.
- This study used MOST to develop and refine a mobile messaging component for weight loss treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a mobile messaging intervention using MOST for a weight loss program.
- To test the feasibility of text message delivery and participant preferences.
- To inform the design of a messaging intervention for a subsequent optimization trial.
Main Methods:
- A conceptual model guided the creation of self-regulation text messages.
- A feasibility pilot study (ENLIGHTEN) involved adults with overweight/obesity in an 8-week program.
- Participants received a smartphone app, coaching, and manually sent text messages, with preferences recorded.
Main Results:
- Participants lost 3.2% of body weight over 8 weeks.
- Preferred messaging frequency was 1.8 texts/day, 4.3 days/week.
- Manual message sending created high researcher burden and cost concerns, leading to automation.
Conclusions:
- The messaging intervention was iteratively refined based on theory and pilot data.
- Decisions on automation, frequency, triggers, and content were informed by feasibility results.
- The optimized messaging intervention is ready for inclusion in a factorial optimization trial.
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