Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

3.7K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
3.7K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

2.0K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.0K
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

1.6K
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...
1.6K
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

3.7K
Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
3.7K
Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

2.5K
Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
2.5K
Principles of Drug Action01:24

Principles of Drug Action

7.7K
Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Preparation and characterization of anti-human B7-H4 monoclonal antibodies].

Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology·2011
Same author

Cardioprotective effects of salvianolic Acid a on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro.

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM·2011
Same author

Knock-down of ubiquitin-specific protease 22 by micro-RNA interference inhibits colorectal cancer growth.

International journal of colorectal disease·2011
Same author

Abundance and diversity of Sphingomonas in Shenfu petroleum-wastewater irrigation zone, China.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2011
Same author

Up-regulation of cyclin D1 by JNK1/c-Jun is involved in tumorigenesis of human embryo lung fibroblast cells induced by a low concentration of arsenite.

Toxicology letters·2011
Same author

Implantation of a porcine acellular dermal graft in a primate model of rotator cuff repair.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment
11:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.1K

Andrographolide: Synthetic Methods and Biological Activities.

Meng Hao1, Min Lv1, Hui Xu1,2

  • 1College of Plant Protection/Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|April 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Andrographolide, a compound from Andrographis paniculata, and its derivatives show diverse biological activities. This review covers recent research on their bioactivities, mechanisms, and structural relationships.

Keywords:
Andrographolidebiological activitymechanism of actionstructural modificationstructure-activity relationship

More Related Videos

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products
09:04

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

Published on: September 9, 2016

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating 2D-HPLC-MS and Molecular Networking in Natural Medicine Analysis
07:50

Author Spotlight: Integrating 2D-HPLC-MS and Molecular Networking in Natural Medicine Analysis

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment
11:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.1K
A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products
09:04

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

Published on: September 9, 2016

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating 2D-HPLC-MS and Molecular Networking in Natural Medicine Analysis
07:50

Author Spotlight: Integrating 2D-HPLC-MS and Molecular Networking in Natural Medicine Analysis

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from *Andrographis paniculata*.
  • It and its derivatives possess a broad spectrum of biological activities.
  • These activities include anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimalarial, antidiabetic, and insecticidal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advances in the study of andrographolide and its derivatives.
  • Focus on research published between 2015 and 2018.
  • To summarize findings on bioactivities, mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and structure-activity relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from 2015-2018.
  • Analysis of studies reporting on the biological activities of andrographolide and its derivatives.
  • Synthesis of information regarding mechanisms, structural modifications, and SAR.

Main Results:

  • Andrographolide derivatives continue to show promising results across various therapeutic areas.
  • Recent studies have elucidated novel mechanisms of action for these compounds.
  • Structure-activity relationship studies provide insights for the development of new analogs.

Conclusions:

  • Andrographolide and its derivatives represent a valuable scaffold for drug discovery.
  • Further research is warranted to explore their full therapeutic potential.
  • Understanding structure-activity relationships is key to optimizing efficacy and selectivity.