Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 23, 2025
10:45
Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media
Published on: June 14, 2013
32.3K
Exosomes: From garbage bins to translational medicine
Ying Liu1, Yuzhu Wang1, Qianzhou Lv1
1Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|April 30, 2020
Summary
Exosomes, once thought to be cellular waste, are now recognized as key intercellular communicators. Their potential as disease biomarkers, cancer vaccines, and drug delivery systems is revolutionizing translational medicine.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Exosomes are endosomal vesicles involved in intercellular communication.
- Initially dismissed as cellular debris, exosomes are now recognized for their roles in health and disease.
- Exosomes contain distinct proteins and RNAs, making them valuable for diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and isolation.
- To discuss the biological activities of exosomes.
- To highlight the potential of exosomes in translational medicine, including diagnostics, vaccines, and drug delivery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of exosomal biogenesis and isolation.
- Analysis of exosome functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
- Evaluation of exosome applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
Main Results:
- Exosomes play crucial roles in intercellular communication.
- Exosomes serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
- Exosomes exhibit immunomodulatory properties and are explored as cancer vaccines.
- Exosomes are stable nanovesicles suitable for therapeutic cargo delivery.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes are versatile nanovesicles with significant potential in translational medicine.
- Further research into exosome biogenesis, isolation, and therapeutic applications is warranted.
- Exosomes offer promising avenues for disease detection, cancer immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery.
Related Concept Videos
01:36Overview of Exosomes
3.4K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.4K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
25.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.5K
01:29Translational Regulation
450
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
450
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
6.8K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.8K
02:24Ribosome Profiling
4.0K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.0K
01:31Translation
17.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.3K