Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Impact of intravenous push antibiotics on sepsis management at a Veterans Affairs medical center emergency department.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2026

Same author

Assigning Probable Dementia Status Using Routinely Collected Electronic Health Record Data.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026

Same author

Impact of Acculturation Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Mexican Americans.

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology·2026

Same author

Neutrophil inflammation metrics are associated with the risk of future dementia in large data from NYU Langone Hospitals and the Veterans Health Administration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026

Same author

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin Neurons in the Central Amygdala Mediate Dynamic Defensive Behaviors during Fear Extinction.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same author

Maternal adversity and peripheral proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in pregnancy.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Published on: December 15, 2023

Sex differences in behavioral responses during a conditioned flight paradigm.

Chandrashekhar D Borkar¹, Mariia Dorofeikova¹, Quan-Son Eric Le²

¹Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research

|April 30, 2020

Summary

Female mice show more freezing behavior than males when exposed to fear conditioning. These findings highlight sex differences in defensive responses to threat and stress.

Keywords:

Defensive behavior Fear conditioning Sex differences

More Related Videos

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Biology
Comparative Psychology

Background:

Females are more susceptible to trauma- and stress-related disorders than males.
Understanding sex differences in defensive responses to threat is crucial.
Fear conditioning paradigms reveal adaptive and defensive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in defensive behaviors using a modified Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm.
To analyze the mode and magnitude of freezing and flight responses between male and female mice.
To identify sex-specific alterations in adaptive behaviors during fear conditioning.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm in mice.
Observed and quantified freezing, flight, rearing, grooming, and tail rattling behaviors.
Compared behavioral responses between male and female subjects across conditioning and extinction phases.

Main Results:

Female mice exhibited significantly more freezing behavior than males, particularly during intertrial intervals.
Increased freezing in females was also observed in response to conditioned stimuli during extinction.
Measurable sex differences were found in rearing, grooming, and tail rattling behaviors.

Conclusions:

Fear conditioning induces sex-dependent alterations in mouse defensive behaviors.
Females display heightened freezing responses compared to males, indicating distinct threat perception or coping mechanisms.
These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of sex differences in stress and fear responses.