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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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Functional Lipids in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases.

Michele Dei Cas1, Gabriella Roda2, Feng Li3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 1, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioactive lipids are key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of these molecules contributes to chronic autoimmune diseases, highlighting their critical role in health and disease.

Keywords:
endocannabinoidsinflammationlipidslysoglycerophospholipidssphingolipids

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lipids are essential apolar molecules, fundamental to cell membrane structure.
  • Emerging research identifies bioactive lipids as critical modulators of diverse biological functions.
  • These molecules play significant roles in immune responses and inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of bioactive lipids in immune responses and inflammation.
  • To explore how these lipids regulate processes such as vascular hyperreactivity, pain, and leukocyte trafficking.
  • To understand the contribution of bioactive lipids to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on bioactive lipids.
  • Categorization of bioactive lipids based on biochemical function.
  • Analysis of the involvement of lipid families in inflammatory pathways and autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • Bioactive lipids significantly influence immune responses, affecting vascular tone, pain perception, and leukocyte movement.
  • Excessive pro-inflammatory lipid activity can drive the progression of acute inflammation to chronic states.
  • Specific lipid families, including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids, are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Bioactive lipids are integral to all stages of inflammation.
  • These molecules are implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Targeting bioactive lipid pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.