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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Hyperacusis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Study.

Massimo Ralli1,2, Maria Romani3, Alessio Zodda1

  • 1Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a higher prevalence of hyperacusis compared to healthy children. This preliminary study highlights a significant association needing further investigation in larger populations.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disordershearinghyperacusis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Hyperacusis association with developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder is documented.
  • Prevalence of hyperacusis specifically in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains uninvestigated.
  • Understanding sensory sensitivities in neurodevelopmental conditions is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of hyperacusis in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare hyperacusis rates in children with ADHD against a control group of typically developing children.
  • To establish a preliminary link between ADHD and heightened sound sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • A preliminary study involving 30 children with ADHD and 30 age/sex-matched controls.
  • Audiological evaluations including pure tone audiometry and immittance tests.
  • Neuropsychiatric evaluations and ADHD diagnosis per DSM criteria; hyperacusis assessed via parent questionnaires and child interviews.

Main Results:

  • Hyperacusis was diagnosed in 36.7% of children with ADHD versus 13.3% in the control group.
  • The difference in hyperacusis prevalence between the ADHD and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.03).
  • Preliminary findings indicate a higher incidence of sound sensitivity in children with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of hyperacusis compared to their neurotypical peers.
  • This suggests a potential link between ADHD and auditory processing sensitivities.
  • Larger-scale studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings and explore underlying mechanisms.