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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:13

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

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Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
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Bioavailability Based on the Gut Microbiota: a New Perspective.

Feng Zhang1, Fang He2, Li Li2

  • 1Wuxi Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota transforms compounds from foods and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), impacting bioavailability. Strategies harnessing the gut microbiota can enhance drug effects and reduce side effects.

Keywords:
bioavailabilitygut microbiotahost metabolismnutrient and drug outcomesshort-chain fatty acid

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • A significant gap exists between the known efficacy of functional foods and drugs (like TCMs) and their poor bioavailability.
  • The gut microbiota's role as a biological reactor in the human gut offers a novel perspective on bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the gut microbiota's role in transforming compounds into bioavailable molecules.
  • To propose strategies for enhancing bioavailability and mitigating side effects using the gut microbiota.
  • To expand the scope for discovering new medicinal components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four pathways detailing gut microbiota's transformation of parent compounds.
  • Analysis of how these transformations yield small molecules for systemic circulation.
  • Examination of strategies to leverage the gut microbiota for improved bioavailability.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota converts parent compounds into beneficial or detrimental small molecules.
  • These small molecules enter the circulatory system, becoming available to target cells, tissues, and organs.
  • Effective strategies can be developed to improve bioavailability and reduce adverse effects via gut microbiota modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is crucial in determining the bioavailability and efficacy of ingested substances.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for optimizing drug and functional food performance.
  • This understanding opens new possibilities for identifying novel therapeutic agents.